Resumen: La producción de olivos ha aumentado en los últimos años en Uruguay. En la región sureste, donde la influencia oceánica determina condiciones climáticas húmedas, algunas plagas asociadas a los daños foliares y de frutos son poco conocidas. Trampas de luz UV, un aspirador motorizado portátil y la observación directa de brotes fueron empleados para realizar una prospección de adultos y larvas de lepidópteros y ácaros en un monte de olivos entre noviembre 2016 y abril 2017, en Rocha, Uruguay. La población de larvas de Lepidoptera se incrementó de diciembre a marzo, mientras que los adultos alcanzaron un máximo en febrero. La abundancia de las larvas fue mayor en el cv Arbequina que en los cvs Coratina y Picual. Los ácaros eriófidos fueron más abundantes en diciembre y su población decreció a lo largo del período de muestreo. Este es el primer registro de Palpita persimilis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) y Oxycenus maxwelli (Acari, Eriophyidae) en olivos en Uruguay.

Summary: Olive production has increased in recent years in Uruguay. In the south-eastern region, where oceanic influence leads to humid climatic conditions, some pests associated with foliar and fruit damage are not well known. Blacklight traps, a portable vacuum aspirator and observation of olive shoots were employed for a survey of adults and larvae of Lepidoptera and mites in an olive orchard from November 2016 to April 2017, in Rocha, Uruguay. Lepidopterous larvae increased from December to March, while adults reached a maximum in February. Larvae abundance was higher on cv Arbequina than on cv Coratina and cv Picual. Eriophyid mites were more abundant in December and their population decreased through the sampling period. This is the first report for Palpita persimilis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) and Oxycenus maxwelli (Acari, Eriophyidae) in olive trees in Uruguay.

The mite Oxycenus maxwelli (Keifer) (Eriophyidae) is reported for the first time in Brazil infesting olive trees, Olea europaea. Specimens were found on seedlings at Maria da Fé, state of Minas Gerais, in 2007. Although minor symptoms were not noticed, significant damage to plants were observed. There is no reliable evidence of when the mite could have been introduced. It is believed that the mite occurs since the first introductions of olive trees, around 1820, through vegetative propagating material, but the mite remained unnoticed due to the lack of studies with olive trees in Brazil.

The presence of the red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst, is reported for the first time in Brazil. This invasive mite was found in July 2009 infesting coconut palms and bananas in urban areas of Boa Vista, State of Roraima, in northern Brazil. Comments on the possible pathways of R. indica into the country, present and potential impact of its introduction and mitigating measures to prevent or to delay the mite spread in Brazil are presented.

O ácaro do coqueiro, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, se tornou uma das pragas mais importantes do coqueiro nas Américas e África e, recentemente, no sudeste da Ásia. Apesar da importância econômica deste ácaro, faltam informações sobre sua origem e seu histórico de invasão, o que é importante para orientar a busca de agentes de controle biológico assim como a adoção de medidas quarentenárias. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variação morfométrica entre populações de A. guerreronis ao longo de sua área de ocorrência, relacionar esta variação com a sequência histórica de registros, buscando informações sobre sua biogeografia. Amostras de 27 populações das Américas, África e Ásia foram analisadas utilizando-se Análise dos Componentes Principais e Análise Discriminante Canônica. Os resultados mostraram uma significante variabilidade de A. guerreronis ao longo de sua área de distribuição, com uma alta variabilidade entre as populações americanas e, por outro lado, uma alta similaridade entre populações africanas e asiáticas. O padrão geográfico de variação de populações do ácaro observado suporta a hipótese de que A. guerreronis é originário da América e foi introduzido na África e Ásia. Algumas inferências relacionadas à taxonomia de ácaros Eriophyoidea foram incluídas.

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, has become one of the most important pests of coconut in the Americas and Africa and recently in Southeast Asia. Despite the great economic importance of this mite, there is a lack of information on its origin and invasion history that are important to guide the search of biological control agents as well as the adoption of quarantine procedures. This study evaluates morphometric variation among A. guerreronis populations throughout its occurrence area, relates this variation with historical sequence of records, looking for information on its biogeography. Samples of 27 populations from the Americas, Africa and Asia were analysed using Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Discriminant Analysis. Results showed significant morphometric variability of A. uerreronis throughout its distribution area, with a high variability among American populations and otherwise a high similarity among African and Asian populations. The geographic pattern of variation of mite populations observed supports the hypothesis that A. guerreronis originated in the Americas and was introduced into Africa and Asia. Some inferences related to taxonomy of Eriophyoidea mites were included.

Os ácaros tenuipalpídeos representam importantes pragas para diversas culturas agrícolas por todo o mundo. Durante a prospecção em plantas de Ocimum basilicum no viveiro de plantas medicinais da Universidade Federal de Sergipe no município de São Cristóvão, Sergipe, a ocorrência destes foi observada em 80% das mudas que foram levadas ao laboratório, com o objetivo de caracterizar os danos. As mudas apresentavam sintomas de redução e encarquilhamento do limbo. Foram coletados 100 espécimes destas plantas os quais foram montados em lâminas de microscopia para a identificação taxonômica. Os ácaros foram identificados como Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu, 1933 (Tenuipalpidae). Este é o primeiro relato do O. basilicum como hospedeira para B. obovatus na América Latina.

The tenuipalpid mites represent important pests for several agricultural crops around the world. During prospection in Ocimum basilicum plants in a medicinal plant nursery of Federal University of Sergipe in São Cristovão District, Sergipe State, Brazil, the occurrence of spider mites was observed in 80% of the seedlings that were taken to the laboratory in order to characterize the damage. Seedlings presented leaf reduction and deformation. About 100 mite specimens were collected from the affected plants and used to mount microscopic slides for taxonomic identification. The mites were identified as Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu, 1933 (Tenuipalpidae). This is the first report of O. basilicum as a host plant to B. obovatus in Latin America.